frappe/webnotes/db.py

# Copyright (c) 2012 Web Notes Technologies Pvt Ltd (http://erpnext.com)
# 
# MIT License (MIT)
# 
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a 
# copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), 
# to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation 
# the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, 
# and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the 
# Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
# 
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in 
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
# 
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, 
# INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A 
# PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT 
# HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF 
# CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE 
# OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
# 

# Database Module
# --------------------

from __future__ import unicode_literals
import MySQLdb
import webnotes
import conf
import datetime

_toc = ["webnotes.db.Database"]

class Database:
	"""
	   Open a database connection with the given parmeters, if use_default is True, use the
	   login details from `conf.py`. This is called by the request handler and is accessible using
	   the `conn` global variable. the `sql` method is also global to run queries
	"""
	def __init__(self, host=None, user=None, password=None, ac_name=None, use_default = 0):
		self.host = host or 'localhost'
		self.user = user or conf.db_name

		if ac_name:
			self.user = self.get_db_login(ac_name) or conf.db_name
		
		if use_default:
			self.user = conf.db_name

		self.transaction_writes = 0
		self.auto_commit_on_many_writes = 0

		self.password = password or webnotes.get_db_password(self.user)
				
		self.connect()
		if self.user != 'root':
			self.use(self.user)
			
	def get_db_login(self, ac_name):
		return ac_name

	def connect(self):
		"""
		      Connect to a database
		"""
		self._conn = MySQLdb.connect(user=self.user, host=self.host, passwd=self.password, 
			use_unicode=True, charset='utf8')
		self._conn.converter[246]=float
		self._cursor = self._conn.cursor()
	
	def use(self, db_name):
		"""
		      `USE` db_name
		"""
		self._conn.select_db(db_name)
		self.cur_db_name = db_name
	
	def validate_query(self, q):
		cmd = q.strip().lower().split()[0]
		if cmd in ['alter', 'drop', 'truncate'] and webnotes.user.name != 'Administrator':
			webnotes.msgprint('Not allowed to execute query')
			raise Exception
	
	def sql(self, query, values=(), as_dict = 0, as_list = 0, formatted = 0, 
		debug=0, ignore_ddl=0, as_utf8=0, auto_commit=0, update=None):
		"""
		      * Execute a `query`, with given `values`
		      * returns as a dictionary if as_dict = 1
		      * returns as a list of lists (with cleaned up dates) if as_list = 1
		"""
		# in transaction validations
		self.check_transaction_status(query)
		
		# autocommit
		if auto_commit: self.commit()
			
		# execute
		try:
			if values!=():
				if isinstance(values, dict):
					values = dict(values)
				if debug:
					try:
						self.explain_query(query, values)
						webnotes.errprint(query % values)
					except TypeError:
						webnotes.errprint([query, values])
				if getattr(conf, "logging", False)==2:
					webnotes.log("<<<< query")
					webnotes.log(query)
					webnotes.log("with values:")
					webnotes.log(values)
					webnotes.log(">>>>")
				
				self._cursor.execute(query, values)
				
			else:
				if debug:
					self.explain_query(query)
					webnotes.errprint(query)
				if getattr(conf, "logging", False)==2:
					webnotes.log("<<<< query")
					webnotes.log(query)
					webnotes.log(">>>>")
					
				self._cursor.execute(query)	
		except Exception, e:
			# ignore data definition errors
			if ignore_ddl and e.args[0] in (1146,1054,1091):
				pass
			else:
				raise e

		if auto_commit: self.commit()

		# scrub output if required
		if as_dict:
			ret = self.fetch_as_dict(formatted, as_utf8)
			if update:
				for r in ret:
					r.update(update)
			return ret
		elif as_list:
			return self.convert_to_lists(self._cursor.fetchall(), formatted, as_utf8)
		elif as_utf8:
			return self.convert_to_lists(self._cursor.fetchall(), formatted, as_utf8)
		else:
			return self._cursor.fetchall()
			
	def explain_query(self, query, values=None):
		try:
			webnotes.errprint("--- query explain ---")
			if values is None:
				self._cursor.execute("explain " + query)
			else:
				self._cursor.execute("explain " + query, values)
			import json
			webnotes.errprint(json.dumps(self.fetch_as_dict(), indent=1))
			webnotes.errprint("--- query explain end ---")
		except:
			webnotes.errprint("error in query explain")

	def sql_list(self, query, values=(), debug=False):
		return [r[0] for r in self.sql(query, values, debug=debug)]
		
	def sql_ddl(self, query, values=()):
		self.commit()
		self.sql(query)

	def check_transaction_status(self, query):
		if self.transaction_writes and query and query.strip().split()[0].lower() in ['start', 'alter', 'drop', 'create', "begin"]:
			raise Exception, 'This statement can cause implicit commit'

		if query and query.strip().lower()=='commit':
			self.transaction_writes = 0
			
		if query[:6].lower() in ['update', 'insert']:
			self.transaction_writes += 1
			if self.transaction_writes > 10000:
				if self.auto_commit_on_many_writes:
					webnotes.conn.commit()
					webnotes.conn.begin()
				else:
					webnotes.msgprint('A very long query was encountered. If you are trying to import data, please do so using smaller files')
					raise Exception, 'Bad Query!!! Too many writes'

	def fetch_as_dict(self, formatted=0, as_utf8=0):
		result = self._cursor.fetchall()
		ret = []
		needs_formatting = self.needs_formatting(result, formatted)
		
		for r in result:
			row_dict = webnotes._dict({})
			for i in range(len(r)):
				if needs_formatting:
					val = self.convert_to_simple_type(r[i], formatted)
				else:
					val = r[i]
					
				if as_utf8 and type(val) is unicode:
					val = val.encode('utf-8')
				row_dict[self._cursor.description[i][0]] = val
			ret.append(row_dict)
		return ret
	
	def needs_formatting(self, result, formatted):
		if result and result[0]:
			for v in result[0]:
				if isinstance(v, (datetime.date, datetime.timedelta, datetime.datetime, long)):
					return True
				if formatted and isinstance(v, (int, float)):
					return True
		
		return False
	
	def get_description(self):
		return self._cursor.description

	def convert_to_simple_type(self, v, formatted=0):
		from webnotes.utils import formatdate, fmt_money

		if isinstance(v, (datetime.date, datetime.timedelta, datetime.datetime, long)):
			if isinstance(v, datetime.date):
				v = unicode(v)
				if formatted:
					v = formatdate(v)
		
			# time
			elif isinstance(v, (datetime.timedelta, datetime.datetime)):
				v = unicode(v)
				
			# long
			elif isinstance(v, long): 
				v=int(v)

		# convert to strings... (if formatted)
		if formatted:
			if isinstance(v, float):
				v=fmt_money(v)
			elif isinstance(v, int):
				v = unicode(v)

		return v

	def convert_to_lists(self, res, formatted=0, as_utf8=0):
		nres = []
		needs_formatting = self.needs_formatting(res, formatted)
		for r in res:
			nr = []
			for c in r:
				if needs_formatting:
					val = self.convert_to_simple_type(c, formatted)
				else:
					val = c
				if as_utf8 and type(val) is unicode:
					val = val.encode('utf-8')
				nr.append(val)
			nres.append(nr)
		return nres

	def convert_to_utf8(self, res, formatted=0):
		nres = []
		for r in res:
			nr = []
			for c in r:
				if type(c) is unicode:
					c = c.encode('utf-8')
					nr.append(self.convert_to_simple_type(c, formatted))
			nres.append(nr)
		return nres

	def build_conditions(self, filters):
		def _build_condition(key):
			"""
				filter's key is passed by map function
				build conditions like:
					* ifnull(`fieldname`, default_value) = %(fieldname)s
					* `fieldname` [=, !=, >, >=, <, <=] %(fieldname)s
			"""
			_operator = "="
			value = filters.get(key)
			if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
				_operator = value[0]
				filters[key] = value[1]
			
			if _operator not in ["=", "!=", ">", ">=", "<", "<=", "like"]:
				_operator = "="
			
			if "[" in key:
				split_key = key.split("[")
				return "ifnull(`" + split_key[0] + "`, " + split_key[1][:-1] + ") " \
					+ _operator + " %(" + key + ")s"
			else:
				return "`" + key + "` " + _operator + " %(" + key + ")s"

		if isinstance(filters, basestring):
			filters = { "name": filters }
		conditions = map(_build_condition, filters)
		
		return " and ".join(conditions), filters

	def get(self, doctype, filters=None, as_dict=True):
		return self.get_value(doctype, filters, "*", as_dict=as_dict)

	def get_value(self, doctype, filters=None, fieldname="name", ignore=None, as_dict=False, debug=False):
		"""Get a single / multiple value from a record. 
		For Single DocType, let filters be = None"""

		ret = self.get_values(doctype, filters, fieldname, ignore, as_dict, debug)
		
		return ret and ((len(ret[0]) > 1 or as_dict) and ret[0] or ret[0][0]) or None
	
	def get_single_value(self, doctype, fieldname):
		values = self.get_values_from_single(doctype, None, fieldname)
		return values[0] if values else None
	
	def get_values(self, doctype, filters=None, fieldname="name", ignore=None, as_dict=False, debug=False):
		if isinstance(filters, list):
			return self.get_value_for_many_names(doctype, filters, fieldname, debug=debug)
			
		fields = fieldname
		if fieldname!="*":
			if isinstance(fieldname, basestring):
				fields = [fieldname]
			else:
				fields = fieldname

		if (filters is not None) and (filters!=doctype or doctype=="DocType"):
			try:
				return self.get_values_from_table(fields, filters, doctype, as_dict, debug)
			except Exception, e:
				if ignore and e.args[0] in (1146, 1054):
					# table or column not found, return None
					return None
				elif (not ignore) and e.args[0]==1146:
					# table not found, look in singles
					pass
				else:
					raise e

		return self.get_values_from_single(fields, filters, doctype, as_dict, debug)

	def get_values_from_single(self, fields, filters, doctype, as_dict=False, debug=False):
		if fields=="*" or isinstance(filters, dict):
			r = self.sql("""select field, value from tabSingles where doctype=%s""", doctype)
			
			# check if single doc matches with filters
			values = webnotes._dict(r)
			if isinstance(filters, dict):
				for key, value in filters.items():
					if values.get(key) != value:
						return []
			
			if as_dict:
				return values and [values] or []
				
			if isinstance(fields, list):
				return [map(lambda d: values.get(d), fields)]
					
		else:
			r = self.sql("""select field, value 
				from tabSingles where field in (%s) and doctype=%s""" \
					% (', '.join(['%s'] * len(fields)), '%s'), 
					tuple(fields) + (doctype,), as_dict=False, debug=debug)

			if as_dict:
				return r and [webnotes._dict(r)] or []
			else:
				return r and [[i[1] for i in r]] or []
	
	def get_values_from_table(self, fields, filters, doctype, as_dict, debug):
		fl = []
		if isinstance(fields, (list, tuple)):
			for f in fields:
				if "(" in f: # function
					fl.append(f)
				else:
					fl.append("`" + f + "`")
			fl = ", ".join(fields)
		else:
			fl = fields

		conditions, filters = self.build_conditions(filters)
	
		r = self.sql("select %s from `tab%s` where %s" % (fl, doctype,
			conditions), filters, as_dict=as_dict, debug=debug)

		return r

	def get_value_for_many_names(self, doctype, names, field, debug=False):
		names = filter(None, names)
		
		if names:
			return dict(self.sql("select name, `%s` from `tab%s` where name in (%s)" \
				% (field, doctype, ", ".join(["%s"]*len(names))), names, debug=debug))
		else:
			return {}

	def set_value(self, dt, dn, field, val, modified=None, modified_by=None):
		from webnotes.utils import now
		if dn and dt!=dn:
			self.sql("""update `tab%s` set `%s`=%s, modified=%s, modified_by=%s
				where name=%s""" % (dt, field, "%s", "%s", "%s", "%s"),
				(val, modified or now(), modified_by or webnotes.session["user"], dn))
		else:
			if self.sql("select value from tabSingles where field=%s and doctype=%s", (field, dt)):
				self.sql("""update tabSingles set value=%s where field=%s and doctype=%s""", 
					(val, field, dt))
			else:
				self.sql("""insert into tabSingles(doctype, field, value) 
					values (%s, %s, %s)""", (dt, field, val, ))
					
			if field!="modified":
				self.set_value(dt, dn, "modified", modified or now())
				
	def set(self, doc, field, val):
		from webnotes.utils import now
		doc.modified = now()
		doc.modified_by = webnotes.session["user"]
		self.set_value(doc.doctype, doc.name, field, val, doc.modified, doc.modified_by)
		doc.fields[field] = val

	def set_global(self, key, val, user='__global'):
		self.set_default(key, val, user)

	def get_global(self, key, user='__global'):
		return self.get_default(key, user)
	
	def set_default(self, key, val, parent="Control Panel"):
		"""set control panel default (tabDefaultVal)"""
		import webnotes.defaults
		webnotes.defaults.set_default(key, val, parent)
			
	def add_default(self, key, val, parent="Control Panel"):
		import webnotes.defaults
		webnotes.defaults.add_default(key, val, parent)
	
	def get_default(self, key, parent="Control Panel"):
		"""get default value"""
		import webnotes.defaults
		d = webnotes.defaults.get_defaults(parent).get(key)
		return isinstance(d, list) and d[0] or d
		
	def get_defaults_as_list(self, key, parent="Control Panel"):
		import webnotes.defaults
		d = webnotes.defaults.get_default(key, parent)
		return isinstance(d, basestring) and [d] or d
	
	def get_defaults(self, key=None, parent="Control Panel"):
		"""get all defaults"""
		import webnotes.defaults
		if key:
			return webnotes.defaults.get_defaults(parent).get(key)
		else:
			return webnotes.defaults.get_defaults(parent)

	def begin(self):
		return # not required
	
	def commit(self):
		self.sql("commit")

	def rollback(self):
		self.sql("ROLLBACK")
		self.transaction_writes = 0

	def field_exists(self, dt, fn):
		return self.sql("select name from tabDocField where fieldname=%s and parent=%s", (dt, fn))

	def table_exists(self, tablename):
		return tablename in [d[0] for d in self.sql("show tables")]

	def exists(self, dt, dn=None):
		if isinstance(dt, basestring):
			if dt==dn:
				return True # single always exists (!)
			try:
				return self.sql('select name from `tab%s` where name=%s' % (dt, '%s'), dn)
			except:
				return None
		elif isinstance(dt, dict) and dt.get('doctype'):
			try:
				conditions = []
				for d in dt:
					if d == 'doctype': continue
					conditions.append('`%s` = "%s"' % (d, dt[d].replace('"', '\"')))
				return self.sql('select name from `tab%s` where %s' % \
						(dt['doctype'], " and ".join(conditions)))
			except:
				return None
				
	def get_table_columns(self, doctype):
		return [r[0] for r in self.sql("DESC `tab%s`" % doctype)]

	def close(self):
		if self._conn:
			self._cursor.close()
			self._conn.close()
			self._cursor = None
			self._conn = None